Abstract Cantilever nanobiosensors have emerged as an alternative to conventional methods of analysis to monitor heavy metals, which are being highlighted by detecting substances at the micro and nanoscale through the use of sensor layers. In the present study, a new cantilever nanobiosensor was developed functionalized with urease enzyme by self-assembled monolayers for the detection of heavy metals (lead, nickel, cadmium, zinc, cobalt, and aluminum) in water. From the calibration curves, using the statistical method of Principal Component Analysis, it was possible to observe that the nanobiosensor was highly efficient in heavy metal discrimination. The nanobiosensor presented high sensitivity, good stability, and a detection limit in the ppb range during 30 days of storage. The surface characterization by scanning electron microscopy confirmed the cantilever functionalization and the sensing layer deposition. The cantilever nanobiosensor designs based on tensile surface stress measured by changes in voltage suggest the proposed mechanism of the adsorption of heavy metal by the urease enzyme. Thus, the cantilever nanobiosensor with urease enzyme was able to detect heavy metals in water and could be a promising tool for heavy metal detection.

O climatério é a fase da vida da mulher em que ocorre a transição do período reprodutivo para o não reprodutivo. O objetivo da pesquisa foi realizar a avaliação nutricional de 30 mulheres no climatério com idades entre 40 e 65 anos, compilando os dados da primeira consulta dos prontuários nutricionais referentes ao consumo alimentar, dados antropométricos e bioquímicos. Observou-se que o resultado médio encontrado para o Índice de Massa Corporal foi considerado elevado, caracterizando excesso de peso (30,7 ± 5,9kg/m2) e a circunferência da cintura apresentou risco muito alto para desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares (98,2 ± 15,9cm). As gorduras saturadas estiveram acima do preconizado (8,14 ± 3,63%), enquanto que as gorduras mono e poli-insaturada estiveram abaixo, resultando em 6,47 ± 3,40% e 5,37 ± 2,60%, respectivamente. O consumo médio de cálcio foi de 549,63 ± 315,87mg, já o de vitamina D, 549,63 ± 315,87mcg e ambos estiveram inadequados. Os triglicerídeos foram classificados como ótimos (134,3 ± 85,4mg/dL), o colesterol total limítrofe (223,9 ± 141,3md/dL), o HDL-C adequado (54,3 ± 18,5mg/dL) e o LDL-C desejável (128,4 ± 45,1mg/dL). Os resultados demonstram que o cuidado nutricional é importante, podendo prevenir comorbidades específicas desta faixa etária, contribuindo para a qualidade de vida das mulheres climatéricas.

The menopause is the stage of a woman's life when the transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive condition occurs. The objective was to conduct a nutritional assessment of 30 postmenopausal women aged between 40 and 65, by compiling data from the first consultation of nutritional records related to food intake, as well as anthropometric and biochemical data. It was observed that the average result found for body mass index was considered high, being characterized as overweight (30.7 ± 5.9kg/m2) and waist circumference revealed a very high risk for developing cardiovascular disease (98.2 ± 15.9cm). Saturated fats were above the recommended level (8.14 ± 3.63%), whereas monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats were lower resulting in 6.47 ± 3.40% and 5.37 ± 2.60% respectively. The average calcium intake was 549.63 ± 315.87mg, while vitamin D intake was 549.63 ± 315.87mcg, both of which were considered inadequate. Triglycerides were classified as optimal (134,3 ± 85,4mg/dL), total cholesterol was borderline (223.9 ± 141.3md/dL), HDL-C adequate (54.3 ± 18.5mg/dL) and LDL-C desirable (128.4 ± 45.1mg/dL). The results demonstrate that nutritional care is important and can prevent specific comorbidities in this age group, contributing to the quality of life of menopausal women.

O climatério é a fase da vida da mulher em que ocorre a transição do período reprodutivo para o não reprodutivo. O objetivo da pesquisa foi realizar a avaliação nutricional de 30 mulheres no climatério com idades entre 40 e 65 anos, compilando os dados da primeira consulta dos prontuários nutricionais referentes ao consumo alimentar, dados antropométricos e bioquímicos. Observou-se que o resultado médio encontrado para o Índice de Massa Corporal foi considerado elevado, caracterizando excesso de peso (30,7 ± 5,9kg/m2) e a circunferência da cintura apresentou risco muito alto para desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares (98,2 ± 15,9cm). As gorduras saturadas estiveram acima do preconizado (8,14 ± 3,63%), enquanto que as gorduras mono e poli-insaturada estiveram abaixo, resultando em 6,47 ± 3,40% e 5,37 ± 2,60%, respectivamente. O consumo médio de cálcio foi de 549,63 ± 315,87mg, já o de vitamina D, 549,63 ± 315,87mcg e ambos estiveram inadequados. Os triglicerídeos foram classificados como ótimos (134,3 ± 85,4mg/dL), o colesterol total limítrofe (223,9 ± 141,3md/dL), o HDL-C adequado (54,3 ± 18,5mg/dL) e o LDL-C desejável (128,4 ± 45,1mg/dL). Os resultados demonstram que o cuidado nutricional é importante, podendo prevenir comorbidades específicas desta faixa etária, contribuindo para a qualidade de vida das mulheres climatéricas.

The menopause is the stage of a woman's life when the transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive condition occurs. The objective was to conduct a nutritional assessment of 30 postmenopausal women aged between 40 and 65, by compiling data from the first consultation of nutritional records related to food intake, as well as anthropometric and biochemical data. It was observed that the average result found for body mass index was considered high, being characterized as overweight (30.7 ± 5.9kg/m2) and waist circumference revealed a very high risk for developing cardiovascular disease (98.2 ± 15.9cm). Saturated fats were above the recommended level (8.14 ± 3.63%), whereas monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats were lower resulting in 6.47 ± 3.40% and 5.37 ± 2.60% respectively. The average calcium intake was 549.63 ± 315.87mg, while vitamin D intake was 549.63 ± 315.87mcg, both of which were considered inadequate. Triglycerides were classified as optimal (134,3 ± 85,4mg/dL), total cholesterol was borderline (223.9 ± 141.3md/dL), HDL-C adequate (54.3 ± 18.5mg/dL) and LDL-C desirable (128.4 ± 45.1mg/dL). The results demonstrate that nutritional care is important and can prevent specific comorbidities in this age group, contributing to the quality of life of menopausal women.